Использование даосизма в китайском варианте коммунистической доктрины

Abstract

Рассматривается философско-мировоззренческая основа формирования национального варианта китайской коммунистической идеологии, где делается вывод о значительном влиянии на неё даосской традиции. Анализируется использование даосских принципов в идеологической практике КПК в 20-70-х гг. ХХ в., в легитимации ею своего властного положения, а также явление конкурентной борьбы правящего режима с неодаосскими сектами за влияние в мировоззренческой сфере. We consider the philosophical and ideological basis of formation of the national version of the Chinese Communist ideology, which concluded a significant effect on her Taoist tradition. Analyzes the use of Taoist principles in the practice of ideological of the Communist Party of China (CCP) in the 20-70-ies XX century, to legitimize it a domineering position, as well as the phenomenon of competition with the ruling regime neotaoist sects for influence in the ideological sphere. It is established that at the beginning of the communist idea appeared in China in the form of a "new doctrine of neotaoizm", continuing the traditional Chinese system of philosophizing. In policy documents CCP is such a thing as "the construction of spiritual communism", which, in essence, is regarded as an emanation of Tao Road (total ethical norms underlying the framework of the universe). But the more important point in the merging of Western ideology of communism with traditional Chinese Taoism was the identity of the concept of "expropriation" . Lao- tzu applied the theory of "non-action", "desire for peace", "passive", "lack of desire" to resolve class contradictions, speaking for the "inaction" of the ruling classes . There is also evidence, according to which Mao Zedong reportedly said of himself that is "a politician who only superficially – Confucian , and inside – Taoist". This was not unusual, and quite in keeping with Chinese tradition, and which are the sayings of Mao Zedong as "not afraid of difficulties, do not fear death", "Me choose hard things, others leave the lungs" and other such maxims borrowed from Taoism. Mao Zedong also often used in his political writings images of Taoist mythology (the bourgeoisie – "paper tigers", the proletariat – "the golden monkey with a baton", overcoming alienation – "remember your royal essence" , etc.).